target ( int) вЂ“ the target value that should be approximated.lower ( int) вЂ“ lower bound for the returned value, inclusive.maxbytes ( int) вЂ“ bytes above maxbytes (counting from the least significant first) donвЂ™t need to match.So mask & target = value & target and lower <= value <= upper. Returns a tuple (count, value, mask) where count is the number of equal bytes and mask selects the equal bytes. find_min_hamming_in_range ( maxbytes, lower, upper, target ) В¶ДЇind the value which differs in the least amount of bytes from the target and is in the given range. List of weak references to the object (if defined) pwnlib.fmtstr. > f = FmtStr ( send_fmt_payload, offset = 5 ) > f. data ( int) вЂ“ the data that you want to write addr.addr ( int) вЂ“ the address where you want to write.In order to tell : I want to write data at addr. Makes payload and send it to the vulnerable process Returns: X._init_(вЂ¦) initializes x see help(type(x)) for signature execute_writes ( ) в†’ None В¶ _init_ ( execute_fmt, offset=None, padlen=0, numbwritten=0 ) В¶ numbwritten ( int) вЂ“ number of already written bytes.padlen ( int) вЂ“ size of the pad you want to add before the payload.offset ( int) вЂ“ the first formatterвЂ™s offset you control.execute_fmt ( function) вЂ“ function to call for communicate with the vulnerable process.

If the offset parameter is not given, then try to find the right Send to the vulnerable process and must return the process thisДЇunction takes a parameter with the payload that you have to Process want to communicate with the vulnerable process. It takes a function which is called every time the automated Provides an automated format string exploitation. FmtStr ( execute_fmt, offset=None, padlen=0, numbwritten=0 ) В¶ Given the current format string write counter (how many bytes have been written until now). This function computes the least amount of padding necessary to execute this write, X._ne_(y) x!=y _repr_ ( ) repr(x ) В¶ compute_padding ( counter ) В¶ X._init_(вЂ¦) initializes x see help(type(x)) for signature _ne_ ( other ) В¶ X._eq_(y) x=y _hash_ ( ) hash(x ) В¶ _init_ ( start, size, integer, mask=None ) В¶ In that case, since the lower byte is not coveredД«y the mask, the write can be directly executed with a %hn sequence (so we will write 0xaabb, but that is okД«ecause the mask only requires the upper byte to be correctly written). With integer = 0xaa00 and mask = 0xff00 needs to be executed. For example, assume the current format string counter is at 0xaabb and a write with While the write always overwrites all bytes in the range [start, start+size) the mask sometimes allows moreД®fficient execution. This class represents a write action that can be carried out by a single format string specifier.Д®ach write has an address (start), a size and the integer that should be written.ДЄdditionally writes can have a mask to specify which bits are important. AtomWrite ( start, size, integer, mask=None ) В¶ write ( 0x1337babe, 0x0 ) # write 0x0 at 0x1337babe format_string. write ( 0x0, 0x1337babe ) # write 0x1337babe at 0x0 format_string. recv () # Create a FmtStr object and give to him the function format_string = FmtStr ( execute_fmt = send_payload ) format_string. info ( 'payload = %s ' % repr ( payload )) p. # Assume a process that reads a string # and gives this string as the first argument # of a printf() call # It do this indefinitely p = process ( './vulnerable' ) # Function called in order to send a payload def send_payload ( payload ): log. pwnlib.testexample - Example Test Module.

- We could not fit it any other place.

- Extension of standard module itertools.

eragents - A database of useragent strings.

pwnlib.ui - Functions for user interaction.

- Shellcode common to all architecture.

pwnlib.shellcraft - Shellcode generation.pwnlib.replacements - Replacements for various functions.mleak - Helper class for leaking memory.pwnlib.fmtstr - Format string bug exploitation tools.pwnlib.filesystem - Manipulating Files Locally and Over SSH.pwnlib.filepointer - FILE* structure exploitation.pwnlib.dynelf - Resolving remote functions using leaks.nstants - Easy access to header file constants.pwnlib.atexception - Callbacks on unhandled exception.pwnlib.args - Magic Command-Line Arguments.

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